| Checklist of the Collembola: Key to the genera of the Collembola from Italy |
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This key is still under construction. Note that missing figures will be provided as soon as possible. Currently, the key is in the feasibility study phase to find out how to integrate in the checklist in a modular way a key that has been generated with DELTA.
Frans Janssens,
Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, B-2020, Belgium
Marco Colombo
Italy
1(0). Body elongate............................................... 2
Body globular.............................................. 31
2(1). Protergite absent........................................... 3
Protergite present......................................... 15
3(2). Body scales absent.......................................... 4
Body scales present........................................ 10
4(3). Fourth abdominal segment about equal in length to third
abdominal segment......................................... 5
Fourth abdominal segment longer then third abdominal segment..
......................................................... 9
5(4). Manubrium with at least 8 mid-ventral setae................. 6
Manubrium with at most 5 mid-ventral setae.................. 8
6(5). Bothriotricha absent........................................ 7
Bothriotricha present.............................. Isotomurus
7(6). Tenent setae of footcomplex clavate................ Vertagopus
Tenent setae of footcomplex not clavate............... Desoria
8(5). Fifth abdominal segment fused with sixth abdominal segment....
................................................ Hemisotoma
Fifth abdominal segment not fused with sixth abdominal
segment.......................................... Proisotoma
9(4). First antennal segment and second antennal segment not
subdivided....................................... Entomobrya
First antennal segment and second antennal segment subdivided
in 2 parts....................................... Orchesella
10(3). Fourth abdominal segment distinctly longer then third
abdominal segment; third antennal segment not distinctly
longer then other antennal segments...................... 11
Fourth abdominal segment shorter then third abdominal segment;
third antennal segment distinctly longer then other antennal
segments................................................. 14
11(10). Mucro long......................................... Cyphoderus
Mucro very short........................................... 12
12(11). Dorsal scales apically pointed...................... Willowsia
Dorsal scales apically rounded............................. 13
13(12). Eye with 8 ocelli................................ Lepidocyrtus
Eye with less then 8 ocelli..................... Pseudosinella
14(10). Anterior 4 ocelli form a diamond............. Pogonognathellus
Anterior 4 ocelli form a square..................... Tomocerus
15(2). Furca long, reaching collophore........................ Podura
Furca short, not reaching collophore....................... 16
16(15). Pseudocelli absent......................................... 17
Pseudocelli present........................................ 29
17(16). Mandibula absent............................... Brachystomella
Mandibula present.......................................... 18
18(17). Mandibula with molar teeth................................. 19
Mandibula without molar teeth.............................. 22
19(18). Sixth abdominal segment with 2 anal spines................. 20
Sixth abdominal segment with 3 anal spines...... Triacanthella
20(19). Anal spines distinctly large................... Ceratophysella
Anal spines indistinct..................................... 21
21(20). Eye with 5 ocelli; unguiculus absent.................. Xenylla
Eye with 8 ocelli; unguiculus present............ Hypogastrura
22(18). Antennae not piramid shaped................................ 23
Antennae piramid shaped........................ Superodontella
23(22). Sixth abdominal segment with at least 3 anal spines... Friesea
Sixth abdominal segment with at most 2 anal spines......... 24
24(23). Body with dorsal tubercles................................. 25
Body without dorsal tubercles.............................. 28
25(24). Last abdominal segment bilobed............................. 26
Last abdominal segment not bilobed.................. Monobella
26(25). Sixth abdominal segment not visible in dorsal aspect....... 27
Sixth abdominal segment visible in dorsal aspect...... Neanura
27(26). Body colour blue.................................... Deutonura
Body colour yellow.................................. Bilobella
28(24). Furca absent.......................................... Anurida
Furca present.................................. Pseudachorutes
29(16). Body colour absent......................................... 30
Body colour present........................... Tetrodontophora
30(29). Furcal remnant absent............................ Protaphorura
Furcal remnant reduced to 2 tubercles............. Kalaphorura
31(1). Antennae longer then head diagonal; eyes present........... 32
Antennae shorter then head diagonal; eyes absent........... 49
32(31). Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli.......................... 33
Eyes indistinct with at most 1 ocellus........... Arrhopalites
33(32). Fourth antennal segment distinctly shorter then third antennal
segment.................................................. 34
Fourth antennal segment longer then third antennal segment. 36
34(33). M seta in transverse row of M'-setae............... Ptenothrix
M seta not in row of M'-setae.............................. 35
35(34). Unguis with tunica................................ Dicyrtomina
Unguis without tunica............................... Dicyrtoma
36(33). Female with sub-anal appendages; male without clasping
antennae................................................. 37
Female without sub-anal appendages; male with clasping
antennae................................................. 47
37(36). Fourth antennal segment subdivided......................... 38
Fourth antennal segment undivided................ Sminthurinus
38(37). Footcomplex with 1 sticky macroseta........................ 39
Footcomplex with more then 1 sticky macrosetae............. 45
39(38). Sticky macroseta apically clavate........... Spatulosminthurus
Sticky macroseta apically pointed.......................... 40
40(39). Fourth antennal segment with less then 10 subdivisions; head
relatively small compared to body; body with curved short
setae............................................. Lipothrix
Fourth antennal segment with more then 10 subdivisions; head
not relatively small compared to body; body not with curved
short setae.............................................. 41
41(40). Unguis inner edge with few teeth........................... 42
Unguis inner edge with many teeth.......................... 44
42(41). Unguis with distinctly large tunica................... Allacma
Unguis with small apical tunica............................ 43
43(42). Aspect not spiky; ocelli C + D as large as other ocelli.......
................................................ Sminthurus
Aspect spiky; ocelli C + D smaller then other ocelli..........
................................................. Caprainea
44(41). Unguis with cavity.................................. Gisinurus
Unguis without cavity........................ Disparrhopalites
45(38). Unguiculus with distinctly large basal lamella................
.......................................... Heterosminthurus
Unguiculus with indistinct basal lamella................... 46
46(45). Unguiculus of third leg with subapical filament.. Bourletiella
Unguiculus of third leg without subapical filament............
......................................... Deuterosminthurus
47(36). Eyes not very small; female third tibiotarsus with distal
organ; male clasping organ complex; thorax dorsally without
pale spot................................................ 48
Eyes very small; female third tibiotarsus without distal
organ; male clasping organ simple; thorax dorsally with pale
spot............................................. Sphaeridia
48(47). Female fourth antennal segment subdivided; male posterior
abdomen without paired array of long setae..... Sminthurides
Female fourth antennal segment undivided; male posterior
abdomen with paired array of 6-8 long setae...... Stenacidia
49(31). Pigmentation absent; third antennal segment fused with fourth
antennal segment............................... Megalothorax
Pigmentation present; third antennal segment not fused with
fourth antennal segment.................................. 50
50(49). Third antennal segment as thick as fourth antennal segment....
.................................................... Neelus
Third antennal segment distinctly thicker then fourth antennal
segment............................................ Neelides
Allacma
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body globular. Body
not with curved short setae. Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes present.
Female with sub-anal appendages. Footcomplex with 1 sticky macroseta. Fourth
antennal segment longer then third antennal segment. Fourth antennal segment
subdivided. Fourth antennal segment with more then 10 subdivisions. Head not
relatively small compared to body. Male without clasping antennae. Sticky
macroseta apically pointed. Unguis inner edge with few teeth. Unguis with
distinctly large tunica.
Anurida
Antennae not piramid shaped. Body elongate. Body without
dorsal tubercles. Furca short, not reaching collophore. Furca absent.
Mandibula present. Mandibula without molar teeth. Protergite present.
Pseudocelli absent. Sixth abdominal segment with at most 2 anal spines.
Arrhopalites
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body globular.
Eyes indistinct with at most 1 ocellus. Eyes present.
Bilobella
Antennae not piramid shaped. Body elongate. Body with
dorsal tubercles. Body colour yellow. Furca short, not reaching collophore.
Last abdominal segment bilobed. Mandibula present. Mandibula without molar
teeth. Protergite present. Pseudocelli absent. Sixth abdominal segment not
visible in dorsal aspect. Sixth abdominal segment with at most 2 anal spines.
Bourletiella
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body globular.
Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes present. Female with sub-anal
appendages. Footcomplex with more then 1 sticky macrosetae. Fourth antennal
segment longer then third antennal segment. Fourth antennal segment
subdivided. Male without clasping antennae. Unguiculus of third leg with
subapical filament. Unguiculus with indistinct basal lamella.
Brachystomella
Body elongate. Furca short, not reaching
collophore. Mandibula absent. Protergite present. Pseudocelli absent.
Caprainea
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Aspect spiky. Body
globular. Body not with curved short setae. Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli.
Eyes present. Female with sub-anal appendages. Footcomplex with 1 sticky
macroseta. Fourth antennal segment longer then third antennal segment. Fourth
antennal segment subdivided. Fourth antennal segment with more then 10
subdivisions. Head not relatively small compared to body. Male without
clasping antennae. Ocelli C + D smaller then other ocelli. Sticky macroseta
apically pointed. Unguis inner edge with few teeth. Unguis with small apical
tunica.
Ceratophysella
Anal spines distinctly large. Body elongate.
Furca short, not reaching collophore. Mandibula present. Mandibula with molar
teeth. Protergite present. Pseudocelli absent. Sixth abdominal segment with 2
anal spines.
Cyphoderus
Body elongate. Body scales present. Fourth abdominal
segment distinctly longer then third abdominal segment. Mucro long. Protergite
absent. Third antennal segment not distinctly longer then other antennal
segments.
Desoria
Body elongate. Body scales absent. Bothriotricha absent.
Fourth abdominal segment about equal in length to third abdominal segment.
Manubrium with at least 8 mid-ventral setae. Protergite absent. Tenent setae
of footcomplex not clavate.
Deuterosminthurus
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body
globular. Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes present. Female with
sub-anal appendages. Footcomplex with more then 1 sticky macrosetae. Fourth
antennal segment longer then third antennal segment. Fourth antennal segment
subdivided. Male without clasping antennae. Unguiculus of third leg without
subapical filament. Unguiculus with indistinct basal lamella.
Deutonura
Antennae not piramid shaped. Body elongate. Body with
dorsal tubercles. Body colour blue. Furca short, not reaching collophore. Last
abdominal segment bilobed. Mandibula present. Mandibula without molar teeth.
Protergite present. Pseudocelli absent. Sixth abdominal segment not visible in
dorsal aspect. Sixth abdominal segment with at most 2 anal spines.
Dicyrtoma
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body globular.
Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes present. Fourth antennal segment
distinctly shorter then third antennal segment. M seta not in row of
M’-setae. Unguis without tunica.
Dicyrtomina
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body globular.
Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes present. Fourth antennal segment
distinctly shorter then third antennal segment. M seta not in row of
M’-setae. Unguis with tunica.
Disparrhopalites
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body
globular. Body not with curved short setae. Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli.
Eyes present. Female with sub-anal appendages. Footcomplex with 1 sticky
macroseta. Fourth antennal segment longer then third antennal segment. Fourth
antennal segment subdivided. Fourth antennal segment with more then 10
subdivisions. Head not relatively small compared to body. Male without
clasping antennae. Sticky macroseta apically pointed. Unguis without cavity.
Unguis inner edge with many teeth.
Entomobrya
Body elongate. Body scales absent. First antennal
segment and second antennal segment not subdivided. Fourth abdominal segment
longer then third abdominal segment. Protergite absent.
Friesea
Antennae not piramid shaped. Body elongate. Furca short,
not reaching collophore. Mandibula present. Mandibula without molar teeth.
Protergite present. Pseudocelli absent. Sixth abdominal segment with at least
3 anal spines.
Gisinurus
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body globular.
Body not with curved short setae. Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes
present. Female with sub-anal appendages. Footcomplex with 1 sticky macroseta.
Fourth antennal segment longer then third antennal segment. Fourth antennal
segment subdivided. Fourth antennal segment with more then 10 subdivisions.
Head not relatively small compared to body. Male without clasping antennae.
Sticky macroseta apically pointed. Unguis with cavity. Unguis inner edge with
many teeth.
Hemisotoma
Body elongate. Body scales absent. Fifth abdominal
segment fused with sixth abdominal segment. Fourth abdominal segment about
equal in length to third abdominal segment. Manubrium with at most 5
mid-ventral setae. Protergite absent.
Heterosminthurus
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body
globular. Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes present. Female with
sub-anal appendages. Footcomplex with more then 1 sticky macrosetae. Fourth
antennal segment longer then third antennal segment. Fourth antennal segment
subdivided. Male without clasping antennae. Unguiculus with distinctly large
basal lamella.
Hypogastrura
Anal spines indistinct. Body elongate. Eye with 8
ocelli. Furca short, not reaching collophore. Mandibula present. Mandibula
with molar teeth. Protergite present. Pseudocelli absent. Sixth abdominal
segment with 2 anal spines. Unguiculus present.
Isotomurus
Body elongate. Body scales absent. Bothriotricha
present. Fourth abdominal segment about equal in length to third abdominal
segment. Manubrium with at least 8 mid-ventral setae. Protergite absent.
Kalaphorura
Body elongate. Body colour absent. Furca short, not
reaching collophore. Furcal remnant reduced to 2 tubercles. Protergite
present. Pseudocelli present.
Lepidocyrtus
Body elongate. Body scales present. Dorsal scales
apically rounded. Eye with 8 ocelli. Fourth abdominal segment distinctly
longer then third abdominal segment. Mucro very short. Protergite absent.
Third antennal segment not distinctly longer then other antennal segments.
Lipothrix
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body globular.
Body with curved short setae. Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes present.
Female with sub-anal appendages. Footcomplex with 1 sticky macroseta. Fourth
antennal segment longer then third antennal segment. Fourth antennal segment
subdivided. Fourth antennal segment with less then 10 subdivisions. Head
relatively small compared to body. Male without clasping antennae. Sticky
macroseta apically pointed.
Megalothorax
Antennae shorter then head diagonal. Body globular.
Eyes absent. Pigmentation absent. Third antennal segment fused with fourth
antennal segment.
Monobella
Antennae not piramid shaped. Body elongate. Body with
dorsal tubercles. Furca short, not reaching collophore. Last abdominal segment
not bilobed. Mandibula present. Mandibula without molar teeth. Protergite
present. Pseudocelli absent. Sixth abdominal segment with at most 2 anal
spines.
Neanura
Antennae not piramid shaped. Body elongate. Body with
dorsal tubercles. Furca short, not reaching collophore. Last abdominal segment
bilobed. Mandibula present. Mandibula without molar teeth. Protergite present.
Pseudocelli absent. Sixth abdominal segment visible in dorsal aspect. Sixth
abdominal segment with at most 2 anal spines.
Neelides
Antennae shorter then head diagonal. Body globular.
Eyes absent. Pigmentation present. Third antennal segment not fused with
fourth antennal segment. Third antennal segment distinctly thicker then fourth
antennal segment.
Neelus
Antennae shorter then head diagonal. Body globular. Eyes
absent. Pigmentation present. Third antennal segment not fused with fourth
antennal segment. Third antennal segment as thick as fourth antennal segment.
Orchesella
Body elongate. Body scales absent. First antennal
segment and second antennal segment subdivided in 2 parts. Fourth abdominal
segment longer then third abdominal segment. Protergite absent.
Podura
Body elongate. Furca long, reaching collophore.
Protergite present.
Pogonognathellus
Anterior 4 ocelli form a diamond. Body
elongate. Body scales present. Fourth abdominal segment shorter then third
abdominal segment. Protergite absent. Third antennal segment distinctly longer
then other antennal segments.
Proisotoma
Body elongate. Body scales absent. Fifth abdominal
segment not fused with sixth abdominal segment. Fourth abdominal segment about
equal in length to third abdominal segment. Manubrium with at most 5
mid-ventral setae. Protergite absent.
Protaphorura
Body elongate. Body colour absent. Furca short, not
reaching collophore. Furcal remnant absent. Protergite present. Pseudocelli
present.
Pseudachorutes
Antennae not piramid shaped. Body elongate. Body
without dorsal tubercles. Furca short, not reaching collophore. Furca present.
Mandibula present. Mandibula without molar teeth. Protergite present.
Pseudocelli absent. Sixth abdominal segment with at most 2 anal spines.
Pseudosinella
Body elongate. Body scales present. Dorsal scales
apically rounded. Eye with less then 8 ocelli. Fourth abdominal segment
distinctly longer then third abdominal segment. Mucro very short. Protergite
absent. Third antennal segment not distinctly longer then other antennal
segments.
Ptenothrix
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body globular.
Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes present. Fourth antennal segment
distinctly shorter then third antennal segment. M seta in transverse row of
M’-setae.
Sminthurides
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body globular.
Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes present. Eyes not very small. Female
without sub-anal appendages. Female fourth antennal segment subdivided. Female
third tibiotarsus with distal organ. Fourth antennal segment longer then third
antennal segment. Male with clasping antennae. Male clasping organ complex.
Male posterior abdomen without paired array of long setae. Thorax dorsally
without pale spot.
Sminthurinus
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body globular.
Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes present. Female with sub-anal
appendages. Fourth antennal segment longer then third antennal segment. Fourth
antennal segment undivided. Male without clasping antennae.
Sminthurus
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Aspect not spiky.
Body globular. Body not with curved short setae. Eyes distinct with up to 8
ocelli. Eyes present. Female with sub-anal appendages. Footcomplex with 1
sticky macroseta. Fourth antennal segment longer then third antennal segment.
Fourth antennal segment subdivided. Fourth antennal segment with more then 10
subdivisions. Head not relatively small compared to body. Male without
clasping antennae. Ocelli C + D as large as other ocelli. Sticky macroseta
apically pointed. Unguis inner edge with few teeth. Unguis with small apical
tunica.
Spatulosminthurus
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body
globular. Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes present. Female with
sub-anal appendages. Footcomplex with 1 sticky macroseta. Fourth antennal
segment longer then third antennal segment. Fourth antennal segment
subdivided. Male without clasping antennae. Sticky macroseta apically clavate.
Sphaeridia
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body globular.
Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes present. Eyes very small. Female
without sub-anal appendages. Female third tibiotarsus without distal organ.
Fourth antennal segment longer then third antennal segment. Male with clasping
antennae. Male clasping organ simple. Thorax dorsally with pale spot.
Stenacidia
Antennae longer then head diagonal. Body globular.
Eyes distinct with up to 8 ocelli. Eyes present. Eyes not very small. Female
without sub-anal appendages. Female fourth antennal segment undivided. Female
third tibiotarsus with distal organ. Fourth antennal segment longer then third
antennal segment. Male with clasping antennae. Male clasping organ complex.
Male posterior abdomen with paired array of 6–8 long setae. Thorax
dorsally without pale spot.
Superodontella
Antennae piramid shaped. Body elongate. Furca
short, not reaching collophore. Mandibula present. Mandibula without molar
teeth. Protergite present. Pseudocelli absent.
Tetrodontophora
Body elongate. Body colour present. Furca short,
not reaching collophore. Protergite present. Pseudocelli present.
Tomocerus
Anterior 4 ocelli form a square. Body elongate. Body
scales present. Fourth abdominal segment shorter then third abdominal segment.
Protergite absent. Third antennal segment distinctly longer then other
antennal segments.
Triacanthella
Body elongate. Furca short, not reaching
collophore. Mandibula present. Mandibula with molar teeth. Protergite present.
Pseudocelli absent. Sixth abdominal segment with 3 anal spines.
Vertagopus
Body elongate. Body scales absent. Bothriotricha
absent. Fourth abdominal segment about equal in length to third abdominal
segment. Manubrium with at least 8 mid-ventral setae. Protergite absent.
Tenent setae of footcomplex clavate.
Willowsia
Body elongate. Body scales present. Dorsal scales
apically pointed. Fourth abdominal segment distinctly longer then third
abdominal segment. Mucro very short. Protergite absent. Third antennal segment
not distinctly longer then other antennal segments.
Xenylla
Anal spines indistinct. Body elongate. Eye with 5
ocelli. Furca short, not reaching collophore. Mandibula present. Mandibula
with molar teeth. Protergite present. Pseudocelli absent. Sixth abdominal
segment with 2 anal spines. Unguiculus absent.